Exploring an Interplay of Sociocultural Contexts and Health Systems in Snakebite Envenoming Management in Rural Himachal Pradesh: A Qualitative Study of Community Perspectives and Practices

Abstract Background: India bears a disproportionate burden of global deaths owing to snakebite, accounting for nearly 50%, yet knowledge and awareness of effective management practices remain critically low. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study, employing Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) in rural Himachal Pradesh, India, investigated community perceptions, knowledge, and practices surrounding snakebite envenoming. Results: Thematic analysis revealed that the communities employed a dual healthcare strategy for snakebites, blending traditional healing methods, such as herbal remedies and faith-based rituals, with or preceding the use of conventional medical treatments. Awareness efforts by the government healthcare system did not translate into accurate knowledge of snakebite treatment as ineffective practices—such as the use of tourniquets and herbal remedies—remained widespread. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for targeted public healthcare interventions to enhance community education, improve access to appropriate medical care, and facilitate the integration of validated traditional practices within a contemporary healthcare framework, thereby mitigating snakebite-related morbidity and mortality.