Statistics of the projected angles between the black-hole spin and the host-galaxy rotation axes from NewHorizon

Understanding the alignment between active galactic nucleus (AGN) jets and their host galaxies is crucial for interpreting AGN unification models, jet feedback processes, and the coevolution of galaxies and their central black holes (BHs). In this study, we use the high-resolution cosmological zoom-in simulation N EW H ORIZON , which self-consistently evolves BH mass and spin, to statistically examine the relationship between AGN jet orientation and host galaxy structure. Building upon our previous work, we extend the analysis of projected (2D) alignment angles to facilitate more direct comparisons with recent observational studies. In our methodology, galaxy orientations are estimated using optical position angles derived from synthetic DESI-LS and Euclid images, while BH spin vectors serve as proxies for AGN jet directions. From a carefully selected sample of 100 BH–galaxy systems at low redshift, we generate a catalog of 5000 mock optical images using a Monte Carlo approach that samples random viewing angles and redshifts. Our results reveal a statistically significant tendency for AGN jets to align with the orientation of their host galaxies, consistent with recent observations combining very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) and optical imaging of nearby AGNs. Furthermore, we find a slightly stronger alignment when using kinematic position angles derived from synthetic MaNGA-like stellar velocity fields. These findings underscore the importance of combining morphological, kinematic, and polarimetric information to disentangle the complex interplay between BH spin evolution, accretion mode, and the galactic environment in shaping the direction of relativistic jets.