Phase evolution and property development in kaolin ceramics based on soda lime silica and granite sludge wastes

Soda lime silica (SLS) glass waste and granite sludge (GS) waste have been studied as eco-friendly raw materials in ceramic production. Different percentages of SLS or GS (10-30 weight percentage) are added to kaolin powder, pressed, and then sintered at 900, 1000, and 1100 °C. The goal of this research is to comprehend how waste content affects the electrical and physico-mechanical characteristics of ceramics made of silicate. X-ray fluorescence was used to characterize the starting materials (XRF). SEM and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are used to examine the effects of SLS or GS addition on microstructure and phase composition, respectively. Additionally examined are electrical and dielectric characteristics, bulk density, compressive strength, and apparent porosity. Results revealed that GS-containing samples are more porous than SLS-containing samples. Apparent porosity reaches 16.26% after 30 weight percentage of GS addition, while it is 6.50% for 30 weight percentage of SLS addition after sintering at 1100 °C. Maximum compressive strength (180 MPa) is obtained at 1100 °C for the sample containing 10 weight percentages of GS. However, the electrical and dielectric properties are enhanced by SLS addition due to the excellent alkali ionic mobility in the matrix.