Census and Control of Columba livia var. domestica in Genoa, Italy: Trends in the Higher-Central District (2010-2017).

Urban pigeon populations pose significant challenges in cities worldwide, contributing to structural damage, health concerns, and environmental imbalances. Since 2005, the Municipality of Genoa has implemented a targeted pigeon control programme utilising Nicarbazin, a sterilising agent that inhibits egg fertilisation. This study assesses the effectiveness of the sterilisation strategy in the Circonvallazione a Monte district from 2010 to 2017, analysing population trends and behavioural responses across various feeding points. Using a combination of statistical methods, including Duncan's test, ANOVA, and time series analysis, we identify significant declines in pigeon numbers and the emergence of distinct population dynamic patterns. Results indicate that while pharmacological sterilisation effectively reduces populations, its success varies depending on local environmental factors, nesting availability, and unauthorised feeding. The study suggests that an integrated approach, combining reproductive control with habitat modification and public awareness initiatives, is essential for long-term pigeon population management. Our findings contribute to the growing body of research on humane and sustainable urban wildlife control.