Psychological distress, resilience, and well-being among survivors of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes: a multi-site cross-sectional study

Nearly 2 years after the earthquakes, survivors experienced substantial psychological distress alongside reduced well-being and resilience. Clinical symptoms, particularly depression and PTSD, more strongly associated with outcomes than sociodemographic or exposure variables. These findings highlight the need for interventions that both alleviate trauma-related psychopathology and strengthen resilience and well-being as part of long-term disaster recovery.