Field testing and comparative analysis of demand-side adjustable resources for fast frequency response using edge intelligent terminal

The growing integration of renewables is reducing grid inertia, challenging frequency stability. While demand-side adjustable resources like smart buildings and electric vehicle (EV) stations could enhance grid flexibility, current research remains largely theoretical, lacking field validation and comparative analysis—particularly of their short-timescale dynamic characteristics—which remains largely unexplored. This study develops a rapid frequency response control system leveraging edge terminal on-site detection and control mechanisms to evaluate the practical performance of these real-world resources, through a series of tests, including frequency step, frequency ramp, and hybrid tests. Several key performance parameters, such as response delay time, response time, and regulation time, are assessed and benchmarked against current power grid requirements to establish their compliance. Finally, from the perspective of user-grid demand alignment and future technology trends, a comparative analysis is presented—focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of smart buildings and EV charging stations in providing fast frequency response—along with corresponding development suggestions. This study is being applied to shape demand-side fast frequency response standards for the China Southern Power Grid, addressing the impacts of renewable integration and power system evolution.