Nanoengineered Fabrication of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Coupled Ni _(0.10) CuFe ₂ O ₄ Nanocomposites for Impedimetric Detection of C-Reactive Protein in Cardiovascular Diagnostics

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the primary cause of death worldwide; early detection is essential to reducing mortality rates and improving the quality of life. C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute-phase protein, serves as a crucial biomarker for early-stage cardiac events and systemic inflammation. This study offers a unique method for monitoring and evaluating the risk of CVDs using a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based biosensor to detect CRP, a standard biomarker. The MIP was successfully synthesized via bulk polymerization, using acetonitrile as a porogenic solvent, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross-linker, and 4-hydroxyphenyl methacrylate as a functional monomer. By using the electrophoretic deposition approach, an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode was fabricated via hydrothermally synthesized Ni-doped copper ferrite nanoparticles (Ni(0.10)CuFe2O4). It has been shown that a simple and efficient electrochemical biosensor can detect CRP quantitatively. To find CRP biomarkers in the concentration range of 0.5–500 ng/mL, electrochemical sensing was performed by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and it shows two linearity ranges of 0.5–100 and 100–500 ng/mL with corresponding limits of detection of 0.025 and 0.085 ng/mL noted during the electrochemical study. As a result, the manufactured MIP-based biosensor shows a great deal of promise for use in clinical diagnosis, medicine, and cost-effectiveness.