Responsiveness-related trade-offs for sustainable operations in perishable goods supply chains

Perishable goods supply chains still require exploration concerning sustainability trade-offs related to supply chain responsiveness. To explore this gap, this work examines responsiveness-related trade-offs for sustainable operations in perishable goods supply chains. Using a system dynamics approach, we model how replenishment policies, supply chain configurations, and product perishability interact to shape sustainable value, meaning economic, environmental, and social dimensions of value. Building on a stock management and aging chain framework, extended with behavioural demand and perishability dynamics, the model captures feedback effects from customer perceptions, information transparency, and inventory policies. Our results highlight that no single replenishment policy consistently outperforms others; instead, performance is contingent on perishability, forecast uncertainty, and supply chain load. Moreover, the findings question the effectiveness of static shelf life agreements, such as fixed minimum life on receipt (MLOR), under dynamic conditions. From a theoretical perspective, the model presented in this work contributes by integrating behavioural adoption dynamics and perishability-induced value loss into a system dynamics framework. From a managerial standpoint, it highlights the importance of aligning replenishment policies with demand profiles and transparency efforts, particularly in the context of sustainable operations.