Process mining starts here: on expertise, exchange, and the gaps between

In the pre-analysis stage of process mining projects, experts from diverse backgrounds—such as process owners, information system specialists, and process analysts—contribute knowledge shaped by their educational and professional experience. This stage is inherently collaborative, relying not only on individual expertise but also on effective knowledge exchange among stakeholders. Yet, despite its critical role, this exchange has received limited scholarly attention. Drawing on a qualitative, interview-based study, we investigate the key knowledge units required during pre-analysis. We also examine the mechanisms through which knowledge is exchanged, as well as the challenges that impede this exchange. Our findings identify seven categories of knowledge units, including business knowledge, process understanding, and impact awareness. Additionally, we uncover four types of knowledge exchange mechanisms and twelve challenges grouped into four overarching categories. These insights offer practical guidance for improving collaboration, training, and knowledge management in process mining initiatives, with a particular emphasis on the pre-analysis stage.