Probiotic paradox: Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia after S. boulardii use in severe pancreatitis

Though rare, fungemia due to S. boulardii can be life-threatening, particularly in ICU settings where multiple risk factors coexist. Proposed mechanisms include gut translocation and catheter contamination during probiotic handling. This case underscores the need for caution in using yeast-based probiotics in critically ill patients. Lactobacillus-based formulations are safer alternatives. Strict infection control, microbiology communication, and heightened clinical awareness are essential to mitigate risk.