Microcontroller-based numerical control DC stabilized power supply: design, implementation, and performance evaluation

• Designed a low-cost microcontroller-based DC stabilized power supply. • Integrated ADC0832 and TLC5615 for precise closed-loop voltage regulation. • Human–machine interface with LCD1602 and six-key input for real-time control. • Overvoltage/overcurrent protection with automatic shutdown and reset function. • Achieved stable 0–12 V, 0–1 A output with responsive safety and intuitive operation. Conventional DC stabilized power supplies often suffer from limited precision, poor human‒machine interaction, and inadequate protection mechanisms, making them less suitable for applications requiring fine voltage and current control. This research presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a microcontroller-based numerical control DC stabilized power supply developed around the STC89C52RC single-chip microcomputer to address these limitations. The system integrates the ADC0832 for analog signal acquisition and the TLC5615C for digital-to-analog conversion, enabling precise closed-loop regulation of output voltage and current. A user-friendly human‒machine interface is realized through an LCD1602 display for real-time monitoring and a six-key input panel for parameter adjustment, reset, and fixed-output settings. To ensure operational safety, overvoltage and overcurrent protection mechanisms are incorporated, when the output exceeds 13 V or 1 A, the system automatically disables the DAC output, locks user input (except reset), and resets the output to zero. Experimental results demonstrate that the output voltage is continuously adjustable from 0‒12 V with an accuracy suitable for typical electronic applications, while the output current is adjustable from 0‒1 A. The system exhibits stable regulation, responsive protection, and intuitive control, achieving reliable performance at low cost. These findings highlight the practical engineering value of microcontroller‒based digital power supplies and provide a reference for future designs emphasizing higher precision, stronger anti-interference capability, and enhanced functional integration.