A Discrete-Choice Experiment to Assess Patient Preferences for Long-Acting Injectable Treatments in Opioid Use Disorder in Australia, Finland, Germany, and Italy

Abstract Opioid use disorder (OUD) is characterized by dependence on opioids along with an inability to manage their use, leading to behaviors that impact patients’ lives. Long-acting injectable (LAI) treatments for OUD offer benefits compared with short-acting options. This study assessed treatment preferences of patients with OUD in Australia, Finland, Germany, and Italy regarding attributes of LAI buprenorphine. Based on a literature review and consultations, six attributes of OUD treatments were included in a discrete choice experiment study, conducted online. Participants who completed the survey ( n = 317) were aged 37.2 ± 12 years, with 54% male and 36% having prior LAI experience. Higher preferences were expressed for less frequent injections, higher chance of staying off unprescribed opioids after six months of treatment, treatment through general practitioners or specialized centers, reduced withdrawal symptoms, earlier onset of treatment benefits, and a shorter timeframe to feel stable. Patients valued independence, fewer clinic visits, interpersonal relationships, and achieving sobriety. In summary, patients preferred LAI treatments with improved profiles on frequency, withdrawals, onset, and opioid abstinence, along with reduced stigma, fewer visits, and sustained benefits.