Polarization-Independent and Electrically Tunable Polymerized Liquid Crystal Optical Elements

In this paper, we demonstrate laser-written polymerized liquid crystal (LC) diffractive-optical elements that combine polarization-independent operation with real-time electro-optic tuning. The study explores the design, simulation, fabrication, and characterization of several different polarization-independent optical elements, including diffraction gratings, Fresnel zone plates, and holograms. Leveraging two-photon polymerization direct laser writing, these polarization-independent diffractive optic elements were realized through stacked configurations, ensuring functionality even for unpolarized light conditions. The tunable and switchable nature of these LC optical elements supports dynamic imaging capabilities, including vari-focal functionality, allowing multiple focal planes for enhanced depth perception. The polarization-independent and vari-focal properties make these optical components highly desirable for next-generation applications in immersive display systems, addressing challenges such as compact form factor and visual fatigue. Additionally, the thin, lightweight design and high optical efficiency of these elements make them highly desirable for integration into adaptive optics, holographic displays, and other advanced optical technologies.