Reducing averaging time in dual-comb spectroscopy via phase-patterned higher-repetition-rate pulses

Dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) is a powerful Fourier-transform spectroscopic technique that provides high-speed, high-resolution, and broadband measurements without moving parts. However, the high peak power of mode-locked pulses can limit the photodetector's dynamic range, resulting in a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) per acquisition. While coherent averaging can improve SNR, it sacrifices temporal resolution and demands stringent system stability. Here, we introduce a new approach to enhance SNR by using phase-patterned higher-repetition-rate combs. We reinterpret the self-imaging process of comb spectrum from a new perspective on mode interference among sub-pulse trains. As a proof-of-concept, we densified two 250-MHz frequency combs to 12.5-MHz mode spacings via phase modulation and performed DCS on an H¹³C¹⁴N gas cell, and compared the results with an emulated conventional 12.5-MHz DCS, demonstrating a 17-fold increase in mode amplitude. This concept is expected to be combined with ultra-high repetition rate combs, such as microcombs, and thereby deployed in practical applications that typically require spectral sampling spacings from hundreds of MHz to GHz range.