Quantum Sensing in Micro-Architected Scaffolds
Quantum sensing with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond has emerged as a powerful tool for measuring diverse physical parameters, yet the versatility of these measurement approaches is often limited by the achievable layout and dimensionality of bulk-crystal platforms. Here, we demonstrate a versatile approach to creating designer quantum sensors by surface-functionalizing multiphoton lithography microstructures with NV-containing nanodiamonds. We showcase this capability by fabricating a 150 μm × 150 μm × 150 μm triply periodic minimal surface gyroid structure with millions of attached nanodiamonds. We demonstrate a means to volumetrically image these structures using a refractive index matching confocal imaging technique and extract ODMR spectra from 1.86 μm × 1.86 μm areas of highly concentrated nanodiamonds across a cross-section of the gyroid. Furthermore, the high density of sensing elements enables ensemble temperature measurements with a sensitivity of 0.548 ± 0.084 K/√Hz at 5 mW excitation power. This approach to creating quantum-enabled microarchitectures opens new possibilities for multimodal sensing in complex three-dimensional environments.
Authors
- Xiaoxing Xia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1255-3289)
- Yoonsoo Rho (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2870-5064)
- Timon Meier (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6572-680X)
- Brian W. Blankenship (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4212-6835)
- Costas P. Grigoropoulos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8505-4037)
- Runxuan Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6892-3766)
- Ashok Ajoy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3242-2913)
- Emanuel Druga (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3825-7771)
- Harpreet Singh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7505-4850)
- Zachary R. Jones (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8725-975X)
- Vasileios Korakis
Institutions
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CA)
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (US)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
- Guru Nanak Dev University (IN)
- University of California System (US)
- Applied Thermal Sciences (United States) (US)
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (US)
- National Bioproducts Institute (South Africa) (ZA)
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (KR)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
- Published
- 2025-12-09
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c22109
- Primary Topic
- Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00