Epoxy-Organic Composites: A Review on Sustainable Reinforcements, Processing, Properties, and Applications

Abstract This article offers a thorough review of recent scientific research on the synthesis, characterization, and performance of epoxy-based composite materials reinforced with organic components. It critically evaluates progress made in the past decade in development of composites that incorporate natural fibers, agricultural byproducts, biodegradable polymers, and other bio-derived fillers. By analyzing the existing literature, the review discusses various processing techniques, structural features, and the mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of these composites. It highlights how organic reinforcements affect the performance of epoxy matrices. The primary objective is to provide an updated overview of current knowledge in epoxy-organic composites, highlighting emerging trends, key challenges, and opportunities for sustainable innovation. The article also compares findings from multiple studies to clarify the relationships between reinforcement types, interfacial interactions, and composite behavior. Furthermore, it underscores the potential of bio-based and hybrid epoxy composites as eco-friendly alternatives to traditional synthetic materials, supporting the global shift toward circular and low-carbon material engineering.