Optimizing Air Conditioning Flow in Road Vehicles to Increase Energy Efficiency and Thermal Comfort

Abstract Modern HVAC systems in road vehicles are vital for maintaining thermal comfort, but also represent a significant energy consumer, especially in electric vehicles. This study investigates airflow optimization methods to improve energy efficiency and passenger comfort by combining thermodynamic modeling, CFD simulation, and intelligent control. The paper proposes an integrated approach using adaptive control strategies and advanced cabin design, focusing on dynamic airflow regulation based on real-time sensor input. A simplified mathematical model and CFD analysis were developed to evaluate airflow velocity, temperature distribution, and energy use. The simulation compared standard and optimized configurations, demonstrating that better airflow control reduces energy consumption while maintaining or improving comfort. The results confirm that airflow optimization, through predictive control and smart sensor integration, is a feasible path toward more efficient and sustainable climate control systems in vehicles. The findings support future applications in automotive design, particularly for electric and low-emission vehicles.