The cultural significance of the Zahir-ol-Islam House in Tehran, Iran, and its preservation

Purpose Heritage buildings are living witnesses of past traditions, carrying cultural and historical values into the present. International charters have been developed to codify principles and processes aimed at preserving these values. However, the localization and practical application of these charters in diverse contexts remain a subject of debate. This study examines the monumental preservation process of the Zahir-ol-Islam Mansion, a national heritage site that required extensive conservation efforts. Design/methodology/approach The research employs a qualitative, descriptive and analytical methodology, using the mansion as a case study to localize international conservation principles. The study uses multiple data sources, including archival records, documents, direct observations and physical artefacts. The conservation and restoration process were structured according to the Burra Charter framework, each step critically assessed against international standards by a restoration specialist to ensure the protection of the site’s heritage values. Findings In this article, we have studied to understand the cultural significance of the building, according to the Burra Charter process and discovered different phases of the building process despite the limited available information. This case study demonstrates the limitations of universal conservation models and highlights the need for more flexible, context-sensitive approaches. Originality/value This study is innovative in the application of Eurocentric conservation charters within the Iranian context, highlighting both their strengths and limitations. It also identifies gaps in international guidelines when faced with real-world challenges, advocating for a context-sensitive planned approach.