Identification of flavonoids in the endemic taxa <i>Haplanthodes verticillata</i> , <i>Haplanthodes plumosa</i> , <i>Haplanthodes tentaculata</i> , <i>Haplanthodes neilgherryensis</i> and <i>Haplanthodes neilgherryensis</i> var. <i>toranganensis</i>

Flavonoids are an important class of natural products, widely acknowledged for their numerous health benefits. This study presents first comprehensive analysis of the flavonoid composition of all taxa under the genus <i>Haplanthodes</i> (family: Acanthaceae), namely <i>Haplanthodes verticillata</i>, <i>Haplanthodes plumosa</i>, <i>Haplanthodes tentaculata</i>, <i>Haplanthodes neilgherryensis</i> and <i>Haplanthodes neilgherryensis</i> var. <i>toranganensis</i>, endemic to India. An investigation of the aerial and root parts of these taxa, using Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS), revealed 10 distinct flavonoids, namely rutin, hesperetin, apigenin 7-<i>O</i>-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin), neohesperetin, skullcapflavone I [(5-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-7,8-dimethoxychromen-4-one], haplanthin, naringenin, apigenin, prunetrin and daidzein.