A narrative review of endovascular treatment in addressing arterial and venous erectile dysfunction

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a worldwide health concern and clinical condition for men, leading to high medical costs and imposing significant emotional and psychological burdens on sufferers annually. ED is associated with multiple causes, including psychological factors and organic issues such as arterial insufficiency and venous leakage. Endovascular treatments have emerged as promising options for managing ED, offering minimally invasive procedures that can improve blood flow to the penis and restore erectile function. Different endovascular interventional approaches have been implemented with varying success rates and therapeutic impacts, and efforts continue to optimize these methods (both arterial and venous) for maximum effectiveness and minimal invasiveness. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of endovascular treatments for arterial and venous types of ED, discussing their mechanisms of action, efficacy, safety, and future directions.