Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Sinus and Atrioventricular Nodes Dysfunction in Athletes: Insights From Transesophageal Electrophysiological Testing With Autonomic Blockade
The EPS with a pharmacological autonomic blockade represents a useful approach for distinguishing extrinsic, functional bradycardia from intrinsic nodal disease in athletes. While AV node dysfunction appears exclusively vagally mediated and reversible, a subset of sinus node dysfunction cases may reflect early, possibly epigenetically driven, intrinsic alterations.
Authors
- Sergei Bondarev (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3912-4003)
- Alessandro Zorzi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3578-0583)
- Domenico Corrado (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1487-0392)
Institutions
- University of Padua (IT)
- St Petersburg University (RU)
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education «Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health, St. Petersburg» (RU)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
- Published
- 2025-11-27
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.31083/rcm42738
- Primary Topic
- Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00