CLIC readiness report

Abstract The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a TeV-scale high-luminosity linear e + e − collider studied by the international CLIC and CLICdp collaborations hosted by CERN. CLIC uses a two-beam acceleration scheme, in which normal-conducting high-gradient 12 GHz accelerating structures are powered via a high-current drive beam. For an optimal exploitation of its physics potential, CLIC is foreseen to be built and operated in stages. The initial stage will have a centre-of-mass energy of 380 GeV, with a site length of 11 km. The 380 GeV stage optimally combines the exploration of Higgs and top-quark physics, including a top threshold scan near 350 GeV. A higher-energy stage, still using the initial single drive-beam complex, can be optimised for any energy up to 2 TeV. Parameters are presented in detail for a 1.5 TeV stage, with a site length of 29 km. Since the 2018 ESPPU reporting, significant effort was invested in CLIC accelerator optimisation, technology developments and system tests, including collaboration with and gaining experience from new-generation light sources and free-electron lasers. CLIC implementation aspects at CERN have covered detailed studies of civil engineering, electrical networks, cooling and ventilation, scheduling, and costing. The CLIC baseline at 380 GeV is now 100 Hz operation, with a luminosity of 4.5 $\times 10^{34}\text{ cm}^{-2}\text{s}^{-1}$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>34</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mtext> cm</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mtext>s</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> and a power consumption of 166 MW. Compared to the 2018 design, this gives three times higher luminosity-per-power. The new baseline has two beam-delivery systems, allowing for two detectors operating in parallel, sharing the luminosity. The cost estimate of the 380 GeV baseline is approximately 7.2 billion CHF. The construction of the first CLIC energy stage could start as early as ∼2034-2035 and beam commissioning and first beams would follow a decade later, marking the beginning of a physics programme spanning 20-30 years and providing excellent sensitivity to Beyond Standard Model physics, through direct searches and via a broad set of precision measurements of Standard Model processes, particularly in the Higgs and top-quark sectors. This report summarises the CLIC project, its implementation and running scenarios, with emphasis on new developments and recent progress. It concludes with an update on the CLIC detector studies and on the physics potential in light of the improved accelerator performance. The physics potential includes results from the 3 TeV energy stage, which was studied in detail for the CLIC CDR in 2012 and the CLIC Project Implementation Plan of 2018.

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Publication Details

Journal
The European Physical Journal Special Topics
Published
2025-12-09
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-02016-w
Citations
1
Primary Topic
Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
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article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.73
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article

CLIC readiness report

V. Muşat, A. Cardelli, C. Marrelli, K. Nordlund et al.
1 citations
The European Physical Journal Special Topics
Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
0.73
article

CLIC readiness report

V. Muşat, A. Cardelli, C. Marrelli, K. Nordlund, P. Koppenburg, T. Garvey, B. Pawlik, Vahur Zadin, A. Edwards, M. Dehler, Andreas Kyritsakis, A. Lyapin, J. Sauza Bedolla, I. Božović-Jelisavčić, C. Grefe, Y. Ashkenazy, Vera Cilento, P. Bettencourt Moniz Cabral, T. Higo, Anke-Susanne Müller, E. Musumeci, D. Q. Huang, Nataša Vukašinović, Franck Peauger, Marcin Patecki, Helene Guerin, Anders Korsbäck, Panagiotis Zisopoulos, Paul Giansiracusa, M. Pedrozzi, Benito Gimeno Martínez, Andrii Pastushenko, Z. W. Zhao, I. Musienko, Thomas G. Lucas, M. Ferrario, P. A. Bruckman de Renstrom, William Millar, S. Lebedynskyi, L. Kennedy, J. Kovermann, V. N. Fedosseev, Daniel Schulte, N. Terunuma, V. Baturin, Markus Aicheler, L. García‐Tabarés, Pierre Korysko, Ahmed Chérif, I‎. ‎Perić, Piotr Skowroński, Mateusz Sosin, Ubaldo Iriso, B. Curé, A. Dominjon, P. Karataev, A. Robson, X. Llopart, P. Sopicki, Alasdair Winter, M. Chefdeville, F. Toral, P.N. Burrows, D. Delikaris, G. Balik, A. Schloegelhofer, A. Faus‐Golfe, Rachel Margraf, I. Chaikovska, A. Perez Fontenla, M. Guinchard, P.H.A. Mutsaers, M. Bettencourt, Aleksander Filip Zarnecki, E. Brücken, G. Chen, Yngve Levinsen, Graeme Burt, M. Gasior, D. Banon Caballero, E. Chevallay, Daniel Gavela, Krzysztof Mȩkała, E. Uggerhøj, Emilio A. Nanni, Fabien Plassard, Simon Spannagel, H. Denizli, D. Esperante Pereira, C. Di Giulio, S. Calatroni, B. Krupa, Qiang Gu, Sh. Sanaye Hajari, J. Bauche, R. Corsini, Thomas G. Rizzo, X. Liu, M. Woodley, T. Fiutowski, Ö. Yavaş, Stephen Kulis, M. Volpi, L. R. Strom, A. Liedl, Nicholas A. Krumpa, F. G. Guillot-Vignot, D. Dannheim, Mark Boland, S. Stapnes, M. D. Buckland, D. Saez de Jauregui, E. Senes, M. Wendt, M. Bergamaschi, Tobias Persson, R. Apsimon, N. Kokkinis, P. Piot, Hossein Ghasem, M. Coman, J. Kimari, Nuria Catalán Lasheras, Michael D. Stuart, Julian Gethmann, J. Kalinowski, Alexios Vamvakas, F. Simon, Paul C. V. Thrane, S. Pittet, G. Sterbini, Alessandro Curcio, C. A. Lindstrøm, Veronica del Pozo Romano, Y. Li, Antonio Gilardi, K. Łasocha, Pierrick Hamel, Carolina Belver-Aguilar, P. Švihra, S. Chekanov, Robert Kieffer, R. Ballabriga Sune, Mark A. Kemp, E. Huttel, Y. Higashi, Lorraine Bobb, Y. Benhammou, L. Piersanti, Goran Kačarević, Vasim Khan, E. Granados, S. Casalbuoni, T. Barklow, A. A. Korsun, Douglas Bett, G. Rumolo, Luca Timeo, Lukas Felsberger, F. Tecker, T W Markiewicz, JoAnne L. Hewett, E. Manosperti, X. F. D. Stragier, A. Şenol, N. Alipour Tehrani, M. Pont, K. Moffeit, O. Karpenko, G. D’Auria, Valery Dolgashev, P. Ferracin, A. Degiovanni, Laurence Wroe, O. Brunner, Xianchao Huang, Viktor Mytrochenko, Wengang Zhang, H. Chen, S. M. Gibson, L. Zawiejski, M. Firlej, S. Atieh, A. Dexter, K. Pépitone, Zeus Martí, Manuel Gonzalez Berges, F. Alharthi, Oliwia Kaluzinska, M. Vos, T. Lesiak, S. Kuroda, Yüe Zhao, Wencheng Fang, G. White, O.J. Luiten, W. Liu, J. Zhang, M. Widorski, I. Bailey, K. Abe, D. Arominski, J. L. Shi, M. Boronat, Davide Gamba, William Shields, V. A. Mitsou, Neven Blaskovic Kraljevic, S. Hillenbrand, B. Cassany, SP Jamison, I. Kremastiotis, L. Rivkin, S. Doebert, Hikmet Bursali, C. Drancourt, David John Walsh, Matt Franzi, Tomasz Wojtoń, R. Raboanary, Brandon Weatherford, Daniel Harryman, Sergio Gonzalez Anton, Janne Holma, Masafumi Fukuda, K. Kubo, Avni Aksoy, F. Andrianala, S. Mallows, A. Aryshev, M. Kucharczyk, B. Buonomo, C. Marchand, L. Linssen, C. Vaccarezza, Sami Tantawi, Jing Shao, B. Aimard, Y. Han, A. Latina, H. Abramowicz, M. Titov, Chuntao Tang, N. Nikiforou, M. J. Williams, I. Vidaković, S. Pitman, I. Popov, T. Ekelöf, P. Drobniak, Jerzy Klamka, S. Kourkoulis, Ehsan Moradpur‐Tari, Kyrre Sjobak, R. A. Bozzi, S. Bettoni, Stewart Boogert, M. Jacewicz, I. Ruehl, M. Parodi, Jim Ögren, Michael Draper, Carlo Baccigalupi, Y. Papaphilippou, Hao Zha, Gabriele Benedetti, M. Krupa, J. Fuster, Jean-Yves Raguin, Ekaterina Baibuz, Z. Wang, Csaba Balázs, D. Aguglia, E. Gschwendtner, S. Curt, C. Adolphsen, Nicholas Delerue, G. Vouters, Igor Syratchev, Maja Olvegård, Rogelio Tomás, C-I. Kozsar, V.J. Hill, M. Modena, L. Faillace, J. Tan, Ryan Bodenstein, K. Papke, D. Protopopescu, Mohammed Y. Ali, A. Yamamoto, J. Moroń, Anton Saressalo, E. Adli, X. Wu, Y. Cuvet, D. Bozzini, P. Terlecki, T. Okugi, O. Blanco Garcia, F. Friebel, J. M. Nappa, Rolf Wegner, A. Ghigo, T. Guenzel, A. Gerbershagen, M.H. Capstick, Tauno Tiirats, A. Grau, P. Sobrino Mompean, M. Bopp, R. Brenner, Alex Bainbridge, M. Bellaveglia, Lauri Diehl, Benjamin Woolley, Walter Wuensch, Miguel Cerqueira Bastos, Flyura Djurabekova, Anastasiya Magazinik, N. Geoffroy, Michael Barnes, S. Vilalte, Kamil Szypula, N. Gazis, Gerard McMonagle, A. Kurtulus, Kurt Artoos, R. Pöschl, J. Plouin, Jaime Fernández-Ortega, A. Giribono, Sven Oras, Roni Koitermaa, V. Korchevnyuk, P. Pushkarna, Javier Olivares Herrador, Yan Wang, Ping Wang, Jun Chen, Bing Li, D. Pellegrini, James Clarke, Manuel A. Domínguez, Xiaohui Lu, C. Rossi, Renjun Yang, A. Stella, Shan Huang, C. Serpico, John A. Osborne, E. N. Gazis, M. K. Dayyani, Katri Huitu, E. Marin Lacoma, R. P. Rassool, K. Swientek, E. Rodriguez Castro, A. Gaddi, H. Burkhardt, H. Guler, K. Y. Oyulmaz, M. Davier, E. Castro, N. K. Watson, G. Boorman, Y. Gao, M. Oriunno, A. Levy, P. Craievich, Alexej Grudiev, A. Sailer, P. Roloff, E. Sicking, A. Jeff, M. Idzik, L. Gatignon, R. Chehab, J. Goldstein, A. Bernhard, F. García, K. Österberg, P. Bambade, M. Jonker, S. Redford, D. Alesini, V. J. Martin, A. Jérémie, J. Uythoven, D. Zerwas, A. Gallo, H. Hoorani, Daniel Gonzalez de, Wenqian Huang, M. Vicente Barreto Pinto, W. A. Khan, M. Serluca, S. Marsh, W. Kaabi, C. Garion, L. Ma, T. Alexopoulos, X. T. Meng, L. Oliveira, A. Ruiz-Jimeno, K. Foraz, Y. Karyotakis, E. Jensen, M. Campbell, F. Pérez, S. Michizono, Z. Nergiz, S. Lehti, M. A. Weber, A. D. Martin, P. Peiffer, W. Farabolini, L. Mether, I. Kassamakov, M. Krawczyk, Fanouria Antoniou, Y. Nosochkov, Hans-Heinrich Braun, P. Sollander, Edward Hæggström, S. Poss, H. Schmickler, B. J. A. Shepherd, Balázs Heilig, I. Levy, M. Petrič, M. Nonis, J. Power, B. List, Erik Bründermann, L. Brunetti, Jean‐Pierre Delahaye, C. Blanch Gutierrez, R. Zennaro, C. Jing, E. Said, C. Oliver, T. Lefevre, J. Jacquemier, A. Bosco, Alean Clapp, R. Costa, Y. P. Kuang, L. Evans, F. LeDiberder, S. Rey, H. Shaker, Melissa Almanza Soto, A. Irles Quiles, Joel Valerian, E. van der Kraaij, H. van der Graaf, A. Ahmad, C. Orero, M. Schumacher, Edward Mactavish, D. Dipac, M. El Majdara, N. Fuster, I. Kopsalis, Y. Lebedynskya, M. Moreno Lacer, N. Pienimaki, G. Tangari
article en
1 citations

Abstract

Abstract The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a TeV-scale high-luminosity linear e + e − collider studied by the international CLIC and CLICdp collaborations hosted by CERN. CLIC uses a two-beam acceleration scheme, in which normal-conducting high-gradient 12 GHz accelerating structures are powered via a high-current drive beam. For an optimal exploitation of its physics potential, CLIC is foreseen to be built and operated in stages. The initial stage will have a centre-of-mass energy of 380 GeV, with a site length of 11 km. The 380 GeV stage optimally combines the exploration of Higgs and top-quark physics, including a top threshold scan near 350 GeV. A higher-energy stage, still using the initial single drive-beam complex, can be optimised for any energy up to 2 TeV. Parameters are presented in detail for a 1.5 TeV stage, with a site length of 29 km. Since the 2018 ESPPU reporting, significant effort was invested in CLIC accelerator optimisation, technology developments and system tests, including collaboration with and gaining experience from new-generation light sources and free-electron lasers. CLIC implementation aspects at CERN have covered detailed studies of civil engineering, electrical networks, cooling and ventilation, scheduling, and costing. The CLIC baseline at 380 GeV is now 100 Hz operation, with a luminosity of 4.5 $\times 10^{34}\text{ cm}^{-2}\text{s}^{-1}$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>34</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mtext> cm</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mtext>s</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> and a power consumption of 166 MW. Compared to the 2018 design, this gives three times higher luminosity-per-power. The new baseline has two beam-delivery systems, allowing for two detectors operating in parallel, sharing the luminosity. The cost estimate of the 380 GeV baseline is approximately 7.2 billion CHF. The construction of the first CLIC energy stage could start as early as ∼2034-2035 and beam commissioning and first beams would follow a decade later, marking the beginning of a physics programme spanning 20-30 years and providing excellent sensitivity to Beyond Standard Model physics, through direct searches and via a broad set of precision measurements of Standard Model processes, particularly in the Higgs and top-quark sectors. This report summarises the CLIC project, its implementation and running scenarios, with emphasis on new developments and recent progress. It concludes with an update on the CLIC detector studies and on the physics potential in light of the improved accelerator performance. The physics potential includes results from the 3 TeV energy stage, which was studied in detail for the CLIC CDR in 2012 and the CLIC Project Implementation Plan of 2018.

The European Physical Journal Special TopicsVol. 234(22)
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Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
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