Robotic Bricklaying Adoption in Post-Pandemic Jordan: A Resilience Framework for Construction Automation

The COVID-19 pandemic intensified labor shortages and safety challenges in Jordan’s construction sector, revealing systemic vulnerabilities in its reliance on migrant workers. This study evaluates an advanced robotic bricklaying system through simulation of 10 residential buildings (80 units) under Jordanian building codes (JSBC 2020) and strict pandemic constraints, including workforce absenteeism rates of 30% based on ILO data and Ministry of Health density protocols. The simulation-based analysis, which focuses specifically on standardized housing designs, demonstrates 84% faster bricklaying (6.75 vs. 43.2 days/unit), 94% productivity retention during absenteeism, 15% mortar waste reduction (advancing SDG 9), and 60% lower transmission risk versus manual methods. Despite higher rental costs (15,168 JD vs. 12,946 JD/unit), accelerated construction timelines substantially reduced overhead expenses, yielding a rapid <5-month payback period. Policy recommendations target vocational training programs and financial subsidies for small contractors, aligning with Jordan’s Economic Modernization Vision (2022–2024). Limitations involve architectural irregularities and supply chain dependencies; future work requires field validation to complement these simulation findings.