Invasive Acinetobacter baumannii ABC141 strain relies on the twin-arginine translocation export system for adhesion to host cells

<i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> is associated with severe hospital-acquired, multi-drug-resistant infections worldwide, causing significant mortality and morbidity in intensive care patients or those under prolonged hospitalization. Multiple studies have recently shown that a proportion of circulating clinical isolates establish a transient multiplication niche inside phagocytic and non-phagocytic eukaryotic cells. We have previously demonstrated that the <i>A. baumannii</i> ABC141 strain invades human endothelial and epithelial cells, where it efficiently multiplies without induction of cytotoxicity. Here, we show that ABC141 adhesion, invasion and intracellular multiplication depend on the growth stage, being most efficient in the exponential growth phase. To define the gene expression signature most favourable to an intracellular lifestyle, a transcriptomic comparison was carried out between exponentially grown ABC141 and cultures in the stationary phase. Although most of the pathways identified reflected growth-related metabolic changes, we observed an up-regulation of the twin-arginine translocation (Tat) export system. Analysis of a mutant strain lacking the <i>tatABC</i> operon revealed that this export system is required only for adhesion to host cells, but not for invasion or intracellular multiplication. These data highlight a new role for the Tat export pathway in <i>A. baumannii</i> pathogenesis.