The viability of state-led policy in tourism for sustainable livelihood: the case of Indonesia's super-priority destination

Purpose Understanding the impact of state-led tourism policies on Indigenous people's livelihoods is critical for implementing sustainable tourism practices that benefit both environmental preservation and the people who rely on it. This study aims to examine Mandalika's state-led tourism policy and local sustainable livelihood challenges. Design/methodology/approach This study employs qualitative research methods, primarily collecting data from primary sources through interviews with key informants. We supplemented the interview data with an analysis of governmental and statistical documents. Findings State-led policy failed to adapt to the needs of Indigenous people, while large-scale tourism significantly altered agricultural land. This policy strengthens administrative coordination and convergence but weakens local issue sensitivity by focusing on national goals. The host government strictly controls state-led projects. Originality/value This study challenges the assumption that tourism development always leads to prosperity for local populations. Because tourism is complex and involves many stakeholders, this study suggests combining local settings with a state-led policy to reduce downsides while maximising benefits. To increase compatibility, a hybrid, state-led tourism policy with localised adjustments is required.