PRP-related biomaterials enhance bone and nerve repair

Bone and nerve injuries are the most common problems in orthopedic trauma, so orthopedic researchers are committed to studying efficient and economical strategies for repairing bone defects and nerve injuries. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a self-derived blood derivative rich in growth factors and bioactive components, which plays a key role in promoting bone defect repair and nerve regeneration, and can effectively cope with the clinical problem of marginal bone defect with nerve injury. However, the explosive release of growth factors in PRP affects its practical use, and the controllable release of growth factors on demand can effectively enhance its efficiency in bone and nerve repair. In this paper, the application and mechanism of PRP reinforced biomaterials in bone and nerve regeneration are systematically reviewed. In the process of bone regeneration, PRP can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), induce type H angiogenesis, and promote the regeneration of vascularized bone. In the field of nerve repair, PRP can promote the regeneration of peripheral and central nerve injury sites, stimulate the synthesis of new connective tissue and vascular reconstruction, down-regulate pro-inflammatory factors to build anti-inflammatory microenvironment and reduce nerve cell damage.To sum up, this study deeply discussed the mechanism of PRP in bone and nerve repair, and elaborated various advanced multifunctional biomaterials to solve the explosive release problem of PRP in use, providing theoretical basis for the standardized application and clinical transformation of PRP.