Performance Analysis of a Cooling‐Heating‐Electricity‐Ammonia Multigeneration System Integrated Concentrated Photovoltaic Photothermal and Operation Strategy

ABSTRACT The integration of the concentrated photovoltaic photothermal (CPVT) process with energy storage is an effective approach to address the volatility of direct normal irradiance. However, the direct adoption of electrical energy storage is confronted with issues related to energy density and cost. To address this, this article introduces an operation strategy utilizing a hydrogen and biomass collaborative energy storage to regulate the power supply and demand. When power falls short of demand, a hydrogen fuel cell (HFC) is deployed to bridge the deficit, and the remaining shortfall is offset through biopower. This ultimately provides a constant power load, as well as heat, cooling, and ammonia. Additionally, it includes CPVT, wind turbines, biomass gasification, gas turbine, pressure swing adsorption, ammonia synthesis reactor, waste heat recovery unit, proton exchange membrane water electrolysis, and HFC. Consequently, the overall operational performance is evaluated on a monthly and yearly basis. The results show that the system achieves annual average energy and exergy efficiencies of 87.77% and 67.16%, respectively. For the biomass pyrolysis heating process, the CPVT provides 19.18 MWh of heat, and the heat required for biomass pyrolysis is 19.16 MWh. The system's yearly average outputs of electricity, heat, and cooling are 104.28, 7.90, and 11.56 MWh, respectively, with hydrogen and ammonia storage reaching 258.94 and 59.07 kg/h, respectively. Economically, the system achieves profitability in the 6th year with a net present value of 24.35 MUSD. This study provides theoretical foundations for constructing high‐efficiency, high‐stability solar concentrated photovoltaic photothermal utilization.