Sustainability Performance in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs): A Concept Analysis

Sustainability performance in higher education lacks a clear definition, especially in relation to the SDGs, leading to fragmented approaches. This study fills the gap by using Walker and Avant's method, alongside the Triple Bottom Line and Dynamic Capabilities View, to define sustainability performance as a balance of environmental, social, and economic factors. It provides a practical, consistent way for universities to measure and integrate sustainability into governance and operations. Key indicators like energy use, diversity data, and ESG-aligned financial tools help track progress, making sustainability performance distinct from reputation or financial stability. This model offers universities a flexible, empirical framework for mainstreaming sustainability.