Sex differences in in vivo biomarkers of neurodegenerative dementia

There is growing evidence that biological sex significantly influences the pathophysiology of AD and DLB as captured by <i>in vivo</i> biomarkers. These findings highlight the growing importance of analyses that consider sex differences in biomarker research and support the development of personalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in neurodegeneration. Future research should prioritize longitudinal studies to define optimal biomarker sequencing and therapeutic windows for each sex, while also investigating the genetic, hormonal, metabolic, pharmacological, and environmental mechanisms that underlie these sex differences, ultimately advancing precision medicine in neurodegenerative disease.