Identification and Quantification of Volatile Organic Compounds and Bioaerosols in the Conservation Processes of Guanche Mummies

ABSTRACT The Guanche mummies, ancient inhabitants of the Canary Islands, represent a significant part of the historical heritage preserved at the Museum of Nature and Archaeology (MUNA) in Tenerife, Spain. These mummies, subjected to artificial conservation practices, are of great interest to conservators seeking to understand their mummification processes and ensure their long‐term preservation. This study evaluates the conservation atmosphere of the Guanche mummies, both on display and in storage, through the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and bioaerosols. Results indicate high air quality within the display showcases of the B Unit, with benzene and decane concentrations slightly higher inside the showcases than in the surrounding room, likely due to solvent and material emissions. However, these levels remain low and pose no risk to the heritage or human health. Other indoor air contaminants were detected in the B Unit at concentrations well below occupational health limits. Bioaerosol levels were consistently low in both display and storage environments. In contrast, the storeroom exhibited a higher diversity and concentration of VOCs, likely emitted from stored specimens. Notably, terpenes and sesquiterpenes were identified within a cabinet containing a Guanche mummy, potentially indicating the use of endemic Canary Island plants in the mummification process. Additionally, metabolites and other decomposition‐related compounds were detected in the storage cabinet, shedding light on the mummification and preservation practices of the Guanche culture. This study advances understanding of Guanche mummy preservation and their historical context through VOC and bioaerosol analysis.