Smart farming in Russia: current state and strategic challenges

The article is dedicated to a comprehensive analysis of the state, development dynamics, and prospects for implementing smart farming technologies in the agro-industrial complex of Russia. The paper details the key technological directions that define the modern transformation of agriculture, such as precision and organic farming, biotechnology, the Internet of Things, Big Data analytics, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles, and the robotization of production processes. The aim of the research is not only to assess the current level of penetration of these technologies but also to identify specific stimulating (drivers) and constraining (barriers) factors for our country. The article reviews existing approaches to the classification of smart farming technologies and also proposes an author's classification based on the degree of their transformational impact on the agroecosystem and decision-making processes. Specific examples of the implementation of smart farming technologies in various regions of Russia are provided. A simplified mathematical model is proposed for conducting a scenario analysis of the effectiveness of implementing a set of technologies and for assessing their cumulative impact on farm productivity. The strategic importance of the AIC is emphasized for ensuring the country's food security and increasing its export potential, especially in the context of global climatic and demographic changes, as well as within the framework of the global concept of «Agriculture 4.0/5.0».