Measuring Physical Characteristics and Physical Capacities in Rugby Union: A Systematic Review

Bocking, C, Marvin, L, Coutts, AJ, and McLean, BD. Measuring physical characteristics and physical capacities in rugby union: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 40(2): 238-252, 2026-Performance in rugby union is underpinned by players' physical characteristics (e.g., anthropometrics) and physical capacities (e.g., aerobic capacity, speed, strength, and power). Therefore, it is crucial to have a thorough understanding of which physical attributes and abilities contribute to rugby union performance to design effective physical preparation strategies. The primary objective of this review was to systematically assess the available literature examining physical characteristics and capacities in rugby union players, with a particular focus on positional groups and level of competition. The secondary aim was to describe the testing methods used to assess these physical characteristics and capacities. A total of 445 studies met the inclusion criteria through electronic and manual searches. These studies used a wide range of testing methods and reported outcomes across key physical performance constructs: anthropometry, change of direction, linear speed, aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity, strength, and power. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the applied testing, assessment, and outcome measures of physical qualities that might be crucial for rugby union. Owing to the lack of empirical evidence, practitioners should at least rely on a theoretical framework to guide the selection of test batteries that may enhance rugby performance or align with a specific game model. This review summarizes the existing literature on physical characteristics and capacities in rugby union. The growing availability of technology and testing methods has expanded the range of assessment options for researchers and practitioners. It is essential to identify which physical characteristics and capacities contribute to rugby performance when selecting relevant tests and outcome metrics.