Acute encephalitis syndrome and Japanese encephalitis in India: insights from a nationally representative laboratory surveillance network, 2014–2023

The VRDLN has substantially enhanced India's capacity to diagnose and monitor AES and JE. Despite progress, JE transmission persists, particularly in endemic regions, posing significant public health challenges. Strengthened surveillance, improved diagnostic coverage, and integrated pathogen testing are essential for effective interventions. Targeted strategies and sustained public health efforts are critical to reducing the burden of AES and JE in India.