The role of the TRIM gene superfamily in the estrogen receptor alpha signaling pathway in the development of hormone-dependent breast cancer

Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Decades of research into the molecular mechanisms of BC development have identified numerous genes involved in this pathological process. In this review, we describe new data on the important role of the TRIM gene superfamily, encoding proteins containing a TRIpartite Motif, in BC pathogenesis. Extensive data has accumulated on the functioning of TRIMs in hormone-dependent BC, and new insights are being gained every day. Particular attention is paid to the diverse mechanisms by which TRIM proteins influence the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) signaling pathway during the development of ER-positive BC and the development of chemoresistance during chemotherapy in this tumor type.