Extraction methods and essential oils properties from (Cinnamomum cassia) and (Syzygium aromaticum): A review

The potential of cinnamon and clove essential oils is examined in this article review, highlighting the rich chemical makeup of these essential oils and important components like eugenol and trans-cinnamaldehyde that support their capacity to counteract microbial drug resistance. The essential oils exhibit a broad biological activities, such as antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory qualities. As a result, they present an affordable and environmentally beneficial substitute for treating pathogens resistant to multiple drugs. Additionally, improvements in extraction methods, such as supercritical CO 2 extraction and microwave-assisted extraction, improve these essential oils' chemical composition and yield, making them attractive candidates for future study and use in the fight against resistant strains of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. This review aimed to highlight the importance of these essential oils and their compounds, the ideal techniques to extract them, and illustrate the biological benefits and drug-resistant pathogens. • Traditional and modern extraction methods for Clove and Cinnamon, highlighting yield and quality differences. • summarizes the chemical composition and important bioactive compounds, such as cinnamonaldehyde and eugenol. • The antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of essential oils and their Bioactive ingredients.