Influence of PLIN5 and lipid composition on lipid droplet contact sites with other organelles

Lipid droplets (LDs) maintain cellular lipid homeostasis through dynamic interactions with other organelles. Understanding how these contact sites form is crucial for uncovering the mechanisms of lipid exchange and signaling. In this study, we used an in vitro model to investigate how lipid composition and the LD-associated protein perilipin 5 (PLIN5) influence contact formation between an LD monolayer and a bilayer membrane. Artificial LDs consisting of triolein and coated with either a DOPE or DOPC monolayer containing PLIN5 or not were incubated with large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) that mimic the bilayer membrane of the organelle. Using double fluorescence labeling of the LUV bilayer and the core, we can distinguish between fusion of the LUV bilayer with the LDs and stable attachment of LUVs to the LD's surface. Our results show that the probability of fusion between LDs and LUVs is greatly increased for DOPE-coated LDs, while PLIN5 promotes the stable attachment of LUVs to the LD's surface and prevents fusion. These observations illustrate how certain lipid and protein components can modulate contact formation between LDs and membranes in a controlled in vitro system, and provide a basis for future studies on the molecular mechanisms of organelle communication.