Exploring the nexus between particulate matter and infertility: Multiple mechanistic insights and potential control strategies

Particulate matter (PM) is ubiquitous in human environments and poses significant threats to health. While considerable research has been conducted on the relationship between air pollutants and respiratory as well as cardiovascular diseases, our understanding of the link between air pollutants and infertility remains notably lacking, particularly regarding PM. Therefore, it is crucial to explore this relationship further. In recent years, numerous scholars have extensively studied the characteristics of PM and its impact on reproductive system disorders, providing strong evidence that PM from various sources significantly influences the incidence and progression of these diseases. Consequently, investigating the underlying mechanisms and identifying essential control measures are necessary. This review primarily outlines the fundamental characteristics of PM, its association with infertility, the toxic mechanisms involved, and potential control strategies. We hope this review offers new insights for further research and contributes to advancements in human reproductive medicine.