Analysis of aquaculture methods, socio-economic benefits, and challenges faced by small-scale fish farmers in Chiredzi Rural District, Zimbabwe

Aquaculture plays a pivotal role in enhancing food security and socioeconomic development, particularly in rural areas. In the Chiredzi Rural District, aquaculture is expanding rapidly to improve food and nutrition security, while enhancing livelihoods and climate resilience. However, a significant knowledge gap exists regarding aquaculture methods, socio-economic benefits, and challenges faced by small-scale fish farmers in this area. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the methods used by fish farmers, assess the socio-economic benefits, and identify the challenges they face in the Chiredzi Rural District of Zimbabwe. Data were collected using a mixed-methods approach. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the target wards and the farmers. A semi-structured survey questionnaire was administered to 120 fish farmers in Wards 9 (Twananani), 10 (Batanai) and 11 (Chikombedzi). The findings show that 85 % of farmers use earthen pond systems and mainly cultivate Nile Tilapia. Aquaculture is not profitable in the Chiredzi Rural District, but it contributes to food and nutritional security. The main challenges for fish farmers include adverse weather, disease, and limited technical assistance. To enhance the sustainability and profitability of small-scale aquaculture in Chiredzi Rural District, it is recommended that local government and development partners invest in targeted technical support and climate-resilient infrastructure for fish farmers.