Agaricus sinodeliciosus and Coprinus comatus Improve Soil Fertility and Microbial Community Structure

<i>Agaricus sinodeliciosus</i> (<i>A. sinodeliciosus</i>) and <i>Coprinus comatus</i> (<i>C. comatus</i>) are precious macrofungi found in Qinghai Province, China. As decomposers, they play a crucial role in the terrestrial ecosystem. The article takes <i>A. sinodeliciosus</i> and <i>C. comatus</i> growing in the saline-alkali land of the Qaidam Basin in Qinghai Province as the research objects, and deeply analyzes the influence of the two macrofungi on soil. The results show that, compared with the control soil, the total carbon (TC) content in the soil of <i>A. sinodeliciosus</i> and <i>C. comatus</i> increased by 27.48% and 113.24%, the total nitrogen (TN) content increased by 95.16% and 108.06%, the hydrolyzable nitrogen (HN) increased by 87.36% and 97.90%, and the available potassium (AK) increased by 182.72% and 596.09%, respectively. In addition, <i>C. comatus</i> significantly increased the available phosphorus (AP) by 163.14%. This proves that both macrofungi can enhance soil fertility, and <i>C. comatus</i> has a stronger fertilization effect. In terms of soil microorganisms, <i>A. sinodeliciosus</i> significantly influenced the distribution of soil bacteria and fungi, increasing the abundance of <i>Streptomyces</i> and reducing alpha diversity. <i>C. comatus</i> had a greater impact on bacteria, significantly increasing the relative abundance of <i>Pseudomonas</i> in the soil, but had no significant effect on fungi. Additionally, there was a close relationship between soil microbial abundance and physicochemical properties. pH, AP, TC, and AK were the main factors influencing bacteria, while total salt was the main factor affecting fungi. These findings reveal that <i>A. sinodeliciosus</i> and <i>C. comatus</i> influence the soil microenvironment by regulating soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities.