Anorganic Bovine Bone vs. Biphasic Calcium Phosphate in a Large Series of Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevations—A Non-Randomized Clinico-Morphological Study

<b>Background</b>: To compare the histological and histomorphometrical outcomes after sinus floor elevation using an anorganic bovine bone biomaterial or a biphasic calcium phosphate biomaterial. <b>Material and Methods</b>: Patients who needed maxillary sinus elevation were included in this study. A total of 68 implant sites were evaluated from a total of 42 patients. Twenty patients were treated with anorganic bovine bone, while 22 were treated with biphasic calcium phosphate biomaterial. Morphological and morphometrical studies were performed on the bone samples collected during implant placement. <b>Results</b>: Both biomaterials induced similar relative areas of mineralized tissue overall, particularly if only the area of grafted bone was considered. In turn, a higher proportion of non-mineralized tissue was observed in cases of biphasic calcium phosphate biomaterial with less area of remnant biomaterial particles. None of the implants failed at one year of follow-up. <b>Conclusions</b>: Although both biomaterials induce a similar amount of bone formation, the histopathological characteristics of the grafts are different, with a greater proportion of scar connective tissue with the biphasic calcium phosphate biomaterial.