Bioactive 52S4.6 Glasses Doped with Magnesium Ions as Promising Materials for Bone Tissue Regeneration

A comparative study was conducted on four different bioactive glass compositions: 45S5, 52S4.6, two variants of 52S4.6 with varying weight percentages of magnesium oxide (MgO, 2.5 and 5.0), and a control group. The degradation rates and effects of these materials on pH levels in simulated body fluids were investigated, as well as the cytotoxicity and cellular proliferation of these materials using an adenocarcinoma cell line. The results showed that 52S4.6 bioactive glass, especially when doped with magnesium, had lower toxicity and a slower degradation rate compared to 45S5 bioactive glass. In addition, this type of bioactive glass had a weaker alkalinizing effect on biological media, suggesting that it may be more suitable for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. In addition, magnesium-doped glass variants have been found to be more suitable for bone and dental surgery due to their ability to promote cell growth.