Hybridity and Media in Dangdut Music: Origins, Evolution, and its Role in Indonesian and Intercultural Popular Culture

Dangdut music, a cultural hybrid of Indonesia, has evolved over half a century from its origins in poor communities as a resistance to the influx of Western rock music. Combining Malay rhythm elements of Indian, Arabic, and Western music, dangdut has now grown into a global popular culture. This study explores (1) the origins and development of dangdut music in Indonesia and globally; (2) the role of media in the Indonesian dangdut music industry; and (3) the characteristics of dangdut as a hybrid of local and global values. Using a qualitative approach and ethnographic methods, the researcher conducted participatory observation within dangdut communities, com- plemented by interviews, literature reviews, and analysis of online media. The findings reveal that dangdut’s dy- namic evolution is impacted by social, economic, political, cultural, and religious aspects. The significant roles of mass and digital media, the dangdut community, the recording industry, and government support have been crucial in sustaining its existence and global reach.