A critical analysis of XR remote collaboration using sketch cues

Extended Reality (XR)—encompassing Virtual Reality (VR), Mixed Reality (MR), and Augmented Reality (AR)—opens transformative horizons for revolutionizing remote collaborative systems in various contexts. This review presents a multidimensional synthesis of cutting-edge developments and rigorous technical analysis for XR remote collaboration using sketch cues. We systematically investigate the potential of using sketch cues in XR remote collaboration from local/remote interface design, interaction techniques, visual communication cues, and system evaluation protocols. We analyze in depth the transformative impact of sketch-driven XR remote collaboration, exploring its operational feasibility and strategic value across diverse application domains. This work seeks to establish a pioneering roadmap for future research on sketch-based human–computer interaction and collaborative systems design of XR remote collaboration, offering theoretical insights and practical guidance for advancing this rapidly evolving field.