Reconstruction of Eyelid Posterior Lamella Using Deep Fascia: An Experimental Study in Rabbits

Eyelid reconstruction may be necessary after eyelid burns, trauma, or tumor resections. The limited availability of tarsoconjunctival tissue has led to the use of various grafts, including hard palate mucosa, lip mucosa, cartilage grafts, and acellular dermal matrix. This study aimed to evaluate the experimental use of deep fascia grafts in eyelid reconstruction, hypothesizing that they can provide adequate structural and physiological support when covered by conjunctival epithelium. An experimental study was conducted on 16 rabbits, divided into two groups: a graft group (n=8) and a control group (n=8). A 1x1 cm defect was created in the posterior lamella of the lower eyelid in all animals. The defect in the graft group was repaired with a deep fascia graft from the anterior thigh, while defects in the control group were left to secondary healing. Macroscopic outcomes included hematoma, eye irritation, conjunctivitis, and scleral show. Microscopic outcomes included inflammation, fibrosis, vascularization, conjunctival epithelialization, and goblet cell presence. Macroscopic changes were monitored for one month. Microscopic evaluations of harvested tissues were performed by a pathologist, and statistical analyses determined significance. In the graft group, no scleral show was observed, while it was evident in the control group. Microscopic examination revealed statistically significant differences in inflammation and vascularization between groups. The deep fascia graft demonstrated sufficient support, compatibility with conjunctival epithelium, and absence of ocular irritation. These results suggest that deep fascia may serve as a viable alternative for posterior lamella reconstruction.