Analysis of current and future threats of space debris and mitigation strategies

Our communication and Earth observation satellites are mainly in Lower Earth Orbit (LEO) (65-70%), Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) (5-7%) and Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) (25-30%). Day by day, satellite mega constellations are creating hazards for existing active satellites. They are likely to interrupt the signal transmission and increase orbital debris over the mission period. They are decreasing the satellite orbit angular separation and creating signal interference due to the lack of line of sight. That is why the collision probability between active and inactive particles in space is growing and this poses a high threat for satellite communication systems. It remains a major concern for safe space activity. In this paper, we discuss and derive a full explanation of current space debris impacts and future threats. We also provide a way of mitigating compliance, and we present a risk analysis. This paper report suggests further key research possibilities and the impacts on industry regarding the risk of space debris. We propose mitigation strategies and different methods of reducing space debris.