Anti-aging evaluation of transfersome and nanostructured lipid carrier gels containing Curcuma longa and Glycyrrhiza glabra extract on ultraviolet-B-irradiated rats

Skin aging is a multifactorial process influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, particularly UV-B radiation. Natural ingredients such as Curcuma longa and Glycyrrhiza glabra show potential anti-aging effects. Transfersomes and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are delivery systems that have the potential to be developed for anti-aging applications. This study aimed to formulate transfersome and NLC systems loaded with turmeric and licorice extracts (TFS-CGE and NLC-CGE), evaluate their anti-aging effects through in vitro studies, and assess anti-photoaging effects in gel dosage form through an in vivo study. TFS-CGE and NLC-CGE formulations were developed using thin-layer hydration and hot homogenization methods, respectively, with optimization of lipid–surfactant and solid–liquid lipid ratios. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, entrapment efficiency, drug loading, and deformability. In vitro assays confirmed that both formulations exhibited antioxidant and anti-collagenase activities. Gel formulations of the optimized TFS-CGE and NLC-CGE were prepared for in vivo application. A UV-B-induced photoaging model in Wistar rats was used to evaluate anti-aging efficacy. After 3 weeks of topical treatment, TFS-CGE and NLC-CGE gels significantly improved skin elasticity, reduced epidermal thickness, and enhanced collagen density. Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased expression of elastin, TGF-β, and collagen types I, II, and III, along with reduced MMP-1 expression, indicating protective effects against UV-B-induced skin aging. These findings demonstrate that TFS-CGE and NLC-CGE gels are effective anti-aging formulations and help enhance skin delivery and bioactivity through a nanotechnology-based approach.