Formal Knowledge Augmented Language Models for Explainable and Robust Reasoning

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at many tasks but often struggle with complex, multi-step reasoning, leading to inconsistencies and hallucinations. Consequently, we propose a neural-symbolic integration framework that enhances LLM reasoning by incorporating formal knowledge—such as logical rules, ontologies, and knowledge graphs—into their CoT process. Our approach retrieves and integrates symbolic information to guide logical inference, resulting in more accurate and interpretable outputs. Experiments on compositional reasoning benchmarks demonstrate significant improvements over standard LLM methods. This work highlights the potential of neural-symbolic integration for developing more reliable and explainable AI systems in high-stakes applications.

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Publication Details

Journal
Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems
Published
2025-12-08
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1177/18758967251394597
Primary Topic
Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Formal Knowledge Augmented Language Models for Explainable and Robust Reasoning

Ngoc-Khuong Nguyen, Viet-Ha Nguyen, Anh-Cuong Le
Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems
Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
article

Formal Knowledge Augmented Language Models for Explainable and Robust Reasoning

Ngoc-Khuong Nguyen, Viet-Ha Nguyen, Anh-Cuong Le
article en

Abstract

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at many tasks but often struggle with complex, multi-step reasoning, leading to inconsistencies and hallucinations. Consequently, we propose a neural-symbolic integration framework that enhances LLM reasoning by incorporating formal knowledge—such as logical rules, ontologies, and knowledge graphs—into their CoT process. Our approach retrieves and integrates symbolic information to guide logical inference, resulting in more accurate and interpretable outputs. Experiments on compositional reasoning benchmarks demonstrate significant improvements over standard LLM methods. This work highlights the potential of neural-symbolic integration for developing more reliable and explainable AI systems in high-stakes applications.

Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems
Ton Duc Thang University (VN), Hai Phong University of Management and Technology (VN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 79%
Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
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