Role of Silver Nanoparticles in Wound Healing: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Clinical Applications

Wound healing is a complex biological process involving haemostasis, inflammation, cellular proliferation, and remodelling. The use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in wound care has gained significant attention due to their potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and tissue-regenerating properties. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of AgNPs in wound healing, focusing on their mechanisms of action, efficacy, and clinical applications. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs helps prevent infections in both acute and chronic wounds, while their ability to modulate inflammation and promote angiogenesis accelerates tissue repair. Various AgNP-based delivery systems, including hydrogels, nanofiber dressings, and composite biomaterials, are explored in the context of wound management, with special emphasis on smart, stimuli-responsive wound dressings. Additionally, clinical evidence supporting the effectiveness of AgNPs in treating chronic, burn, and surgical wounds is reviewed, along with considerations of their safety, cytotoxicity, and regulatory challenges. Although AgNPs present a promising alternative to conventional wound dressings and antibiotics, further research is needed to optimize their formulations and ensure their long-term safety. This review aims to provide insights into current advancements and future perspectives of AgNP-based wound-healing therapies.