Molecular Typing of Clostridium botulinum Isolated from Chili Pepper Preserves During a Botulism Outbreak

Foodborne botulism is a potentially fatal disease caused by <i>Clostridium botulinum</i> neurotoxins (BoNTs). These spore-forming bacteria are ubiquitous in the environment and can contaminate various food products, especially raw vegetables. During the preparation of home-made preserves, favorable conditions of anaerobiosis, temperature, salinity, and pH can lead to spore germination and toxin production. BoNTs can reach neuromuscular junctions where they block the release of acetylcholine. In this study, we present a case of foodborne botulism associated with the consumption of chili peppers preserve containing BoNT/B. The isolated strains were characterized through Whole Genome Sequencing, confirming the strains involved in the outbreak. This work increases the understanding of the epidemiology and the ecology of <i>C. botulinum</i>, highlighting the importance of raising medical awareness and making timely clinical diagnoses for the effective management of botulism outbreaks.