$$C^*$$-Categorical Prefactorization Algebras for Superselection Sectors and Topological Order

Abstract This paper presents a conceptual and efficient geometric framework to encode the algebraic structures on the category of superselection sectors of an algebraic quantum field theory on the n -dimensional lattice $$\mathbb {Z}^n$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> . It is shown that, under the typical assumption of Haag duality, the monoidal $$C^*$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> -categories of localized superselection sectors carry the structure of a locally constant prefactorization algebra over the category of cone-shaped subsets of $$\mathbb {Z}^n$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> . Employing techniques from higher algebra, one extracts from this datum an underlying locally constant prefactorization algebra defined on open disks in the cylinder $$\mathbb {R}^1\times \mathbb {S}^{n-1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . While the sphere $$\mathbb {S}^{n-1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> arises geometrically as the angular coordinates of cones, the origin of the line $$\mathbb {R}^1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:math> is analytic and rooted in Haag duality. The usual braided (for $$n=2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) or symmetric (for $$n\ge 3$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) monoidal $$C^*$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> -categories of superselection sectors are recovered by removing a point of the sphere $$\mathbb {R}^1\times (\mathbb {S}^{n-1}\setminus \text {pt}) \cong \mathbb {R}^n$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>\</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>pt</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>≅</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and using the equivalence between $$\mathbb {E}_n$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> -algebras and locally constant prefactorization algebras defined on open disks in $$\mathbb {R}^n$$ <mml:math xmlns:

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Journal
Communications in Mathematical Physics
Published
2025-12-08
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-025-05525-w
Primary Topic
Homotopy and Cohomology in Algebraic Topology
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article

$$C^*$$-Categorical Prefactorization Algebras for Superselection Sectors and Topological Order

Alexander Schenkel, Marco Benini, Victor Carmona, Pieter Naaijkens
Communications in Mathematical Physics
Homotopy and Cohomology in Algebraic Topology
article

$$C^*$$-Categorical Prefactorization Algebras for Superselection Sectors and Topological Order

Alexander Schenkel, Marco Benini, Victor Carmona, Pieter Naaijkens
article en

Abstract

Abstract This paper presents a conceptual and efficient geometric framework to encode the algebraic structures on the category of superselection sectors of an algebraic quantum field theory on the n -dimensional lattice $$\mathbb {Z}^n$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> . It is shown that, under the typical assumption of Haag duality, the monoidal $$C^*$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> -categories of localized superselection sectors carry the structure of a locally constant prefactorization algebra over the category of cone-shaped subsets of $$\mathbb {Z}^n$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> . Employing techniques from higher algebra, one extracts from this datum an underlying locally constant prefactorization algebra defined on open disks in the cylinder $$\mathbb {R}^1\times \mathbb {S}^{n-1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . While the sphere $$\mathbb {S}^{n-1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> arises geometrically as the angular coordinates of cones, the origin of the line $$\mathbb {R}^1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:math> is analytic and rooted in Haag duality. The usual braided (for $$n=2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) or symmetric (for $$n\ge 3$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) monoidal $$C^*$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> -categories of superselection sectors are recovered by removing a point of the sphere $$\mathbb {R}^1\times (\mathbb {S}^{n-1}\setminus \text {pt}) \cong \mathbb {R}^n$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>\</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>pt</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>≅</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and using the equivalence between $$\mathbb {E}_n$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> -algebras and locally constant prefactorization algebras defined on open disks in $$\mathbb {R}^n$$ <mml:math xmlns:

Communications in Mathematical PhysicsVol. 407(1)
University of Nottingham (GB), Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences (DE), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova (IT), Cardiff University (GB), University of Genoa (IT)
Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica "Francesco Severi", Gruppo Nazionale per la Fisica Matematica, Agencia Estatal de Investigación
Openalex Percentile: Top 56%
Homotopy and Cohomology in Algebraic Topology
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