$$C^*$$-Categorical Prefactorization Algebras for Superselection Sectors and Topological Order
Abstract This paper presents a conceptual and efficient geometric framework to encode the algebraic structures on the category of superselection sectors of an algebraic quantum field theory on the n -dimensional lattice $$\mathbb {Z}^n$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> . It is shown that, under the typical assumption of Haag duality, the monoidal $$C^*$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> -categories of localized superselection sectors carry the structure of a locally constant prefactorization algebra over the category of cone-shaped subsets of $$\mathbb {Z}^n$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> . Employing techniques from higher algebra, one extracts from this datum an underlying locally constant prefactorization algebra defined on open disks in the cylinder $$\mathbb {R}^1\times \mathbb {S}^{n-1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . While the sphere $$\mathbb {S}^{n-1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> arises geometrically as the angular coordinates of cones, the origin of the line $$\mathbb {R}^1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:math> is analytic and rooted in Haag duality. The usual braided (for $$n=2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) or symmetric (for $$n\ge 3$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) monoidal $$C^*$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> -categories of superselection sectors are recovered by removing a point of the sphere $$\mathbb {R}^1\times (\mathbb {S}^{n-1}\setminus \text {pt}) \cong \mathbb {R}^n$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>\</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>pt</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>≅</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and using the equivalence between $$\mathbb {E}_n$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> -algebras and locally constant prefactorization algebras defined on open disks in $$\mathbb {R}^n$$ <mml:math xmlns:
Authors
- Alexander Schenkel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6790-1784)
- Marco Benini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0192-1226)
- Victor Carmona (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2865-0219)
- Pieter Naaijkens (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5670-243X)
Institutions
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences (DE)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova (IT)
- Cardiff University (GB)
- University of Genoa (IT)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Communications in Mathematical Physics
- Published
- 2025-12-08
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-025-05525-w
- Primary Topic
- Homotopy and Cohomology in Algebraic Topology
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica "Francesco Severi"
- Gruppo Nazionale per la Fisica Matematica
- Agencia Estatal de Investigación